PRODUCT function

Returns the product of all numeric values supplied as arguments, multiplying them together into a single result.

=PRODUCT(number1, ...)

Generate a PRODUCT formula

Describe what you need. The generator will reach for PRODUCT where PRODUCT is the right tool, and tell you when it is not.

How to get a better answer
  • Name your columns by letter and by header: "column F (Net Value)" beats "the amount column".
  • State every condition, including the negatives — "not cancelled" changes the formula's shape.
  • Say where the data starts if it is not row 1, and whether it will grow.
  • Check the settings above match your spreadsheet: the wrong argument separator is a syntax error on your machine.

Arguments

How PRODUCT reads its arguments
number1requiredPRODUCT →
ArgumentRequiredDescription
number1RequiredRequired. The first number to multiply; can be a cell reference, numeric literal, or range containing a single value.
...Repeating

Returns

A number equal to the product (multiplication) of all supplied arguments.

Availability

Excel: All · Google Sheets: Supported

Worked examples

1. Calculate quality score by multiplying satisfaction and speed bonus

Ticket_IDPriorityOpenedClosedAgentCSAT
T00132026-09-012026-09-02Alice5
T00212026-09-052026-09-15Bob2
T00352026-09-082026-09-08Carol4
T00422026-09-102026-09-12Alice5
T00542026-09-112026-09-14Bob3
=PRODUCT(F2, 1.0)

Result: 5

T001 was closed same-day with CSAT of 5. PRODUCT multiplies the satisfaction score (5) by the efficiency bonus (1.0) to yield a quality metric of 5.0, indicating both high satisfaction and fast resolution.

2. Find combined priority level across escalated tickets

Ticket_IDPriorityOpenedClosedAgentCSAT
T00132026-09-012026-09-02Alice5
T00212026-09-052026-09-15Bob2
T00352026-09-082026-09-08Carol4
T00422026-09-102026-09-12Alice5
T00542026-09-112026-09-14Bob3
=PRODUCT(B2, B4)

Result: 15

T001 (priority 3) and T003 (priority 5) represent the most critical and fastest-resolved tickets. PRODUCT multiplies their priorities—3 × 5 = 15—showing compounded urgency in batch assessment.

3. Calculate composite performance index from multiple metrics

Ticket_IDPriorityOpenedClosedAgentCSAT
T00132026-09-012026-09-02Alice5
T00212026-09-052026-09-15Bob2
T00352026-09-082026-09-08Carol4
T00422026-09-102026-09-12Alice5
T00542026-09-112026-09-14Bob3
=PRODUCT(4, 1.2, 0.95)

Result: 4.56

T003's satisfaction score (4) is multiplied by an efficiency multiplier (1.2 for same-day close) and agent skill factor (0.95). PRODUCT combines all three: 4 × 1.2 × 0.95 = 4.56, creating a composite performance index.

Common errors

Which PRODUCT error are you seeing?
PRODUCT returned an error#VALUE!
Convert all text values to numbers before multiplication. Map 'Critical'→5, 'High'→3, 'Low'→1, etc., then use PRODUCT on the numeric values.
#NUM!
Scale down values before multiplication (e.g., divide each by 100, then divide result by 10000), or use SUMPRODUCT with LOG functions to work in logarithmic space.
#REF!
Update the formula to reference existing cells. If using Excel tables, convert to structured references so ranges auto-adjust when rows are deleted.
ErrorWhy it happensHow to fix it
#VALUE!Formula includes non-numeric text values. For example, if the Priority column contains text like 'High' or 'Critical' instead of numbers, PRODUCT cannot multiply it.Convert all text values to numbers before multiplication. Map 'Critical'→5, 'High'→3, 'Low'→1, etc., then use PRODUCT on the numeric values.
#NUM!The product of supplied numbers exceeds computational limits or results in a number larger than approximately 10^308. This occurs when multiplying many large values or very large individual numbers.Scale down values before multiplication (e.g., divide each by 100, then divide result by 10000), or use SUMPRODUCT with LOG functions to work in logarithmic space.
#REF!Formula references cells that no longer exist, such as when rows or columns containing the multiplied values are deleted after the formula was created.Update the formula to reference existing cells. If using Excel tables, convert to structured references so ranges auto-adjust when rows are deleted.

Tips and when to use something else

  • Use PRODUCT for scaling factors and multipliers (e.g., growth rates, discounts, efficiency bonuses), not for summing values—use SUM for addition-based totals.
  • PRODUCT instantly returns 0 if any argument is zero; use this for conditional formulas, but switch to SUMPRODUCT if you need weighted sums across ranges.
  • When multiplying percentages, always use decimal notation (0.75 for 75%); leaving values as whole numbers (75) produces incorrectly scaled results.
  • To calculate a geometric mean, combine PRODUCT with POWER: =POWER(PRODUCT(range), 1/COUNT(range)). This is essential for averaging rates of change or growth factors.

Related functions

SUMPRODUCTSUMPRODUCT multiplies arrays element-by-element and sums the results, useful for weighted totals and multi-criteria counting.POWERRaises a number to a specified power, returning the exponential result needed for growth calculations, depreciation, and scaling models.SUMSQSUMSQ returns the sum of the squares of its arguments, useful for statistical analysis and variance calculations.QUOTIENTReturns the integer quotient of a division operation, discarding the remainder—useful for finding complete groups or batches from a total.ROUNDROUND returns a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places, using standard rounding rules (0.5 rounds up).

Frequently asked questions

When should I use PRODUCT instead of SUMPRODUCT?
PRODUCT multiplies all arguments into a single result; SUMPRODUCT multiplies corresponding array elements and sums those products. Use PRODUCT for simple scaling factors or bonus multipliers, and SUMPRODUCT for weighted sums across ranges or multiple conditions.
Does PRODUCT include zero in the calculation?
Yes, multiplying by zero always produces zero. If you need to exclude zeros or handle them specially, filter the range first or use SUMPRODUCT with conditional logic instead.
What's the maximum number of arguments PRODUCT accepts?
PRODUCT supports up to 255 arguments in both Excel and Google Sheets, allowing you to multiply very large numbers of factors together in a single formula.
How do I use PRODUCT to find a geometric mean or average growth rate?
Combine PRODUCT with POWER and COUNT: =POWER(PRODUCT(range), 1/COUNT(range)). This raises the product to the power of 1/n, where n is the count of values, giving you the geometric mean.

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Reviewed 2026-09-17