Statistical functions
All 56 functions in this category
AVERAGEAVERAGE calculates the arithmetic mean of numbers, ignoring text and logical values; returns a single numeric value representing the average.AVERAGEIFReturns the average of cells matching a single criterion, useful for conditional averages like mean cost by warehouse or mean inventory per SKU.AVERAGEIFSAVERAGEIFS returns the average of values in a range that meet multiple criteria, enabling filtered averages across complex datasets.AVERAGEAAVERAGEA returns the average of values in a range, treating text as 0 and logical values as 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE).COUNTCOUNT counts the number of cells containing numeric values and dates in one or more ranges, ignoring text and blank cells.COUNTACOUNTA counts the number of non-empty cells in a range, regardless of their content type or whether they contain text, numbers, or errors.COUNTBLANKCOUNTBLANK returns the number of empty cells in a specified range, useful for identifying incomplete data or tracking active subscriptions.COUNTIFCounts cells in a range that meet a specific criterion, returning a number — use it to tally matching rows like employee counts by department.COUNTIFSCOUNTIFS counts rows where all criteria are met across multiple ranges, useful for filtering inventory and finding matches across conditions.MAXMAX returns the largest numeric value in a range, ignoring text and empty cells. Useful for finding peak inventory, highest prices, or latest dates.MAXAMAXA returns the maximum value in a range, treating text as 0—use it when data mixes text and numbers and you want a predictable result.MAXIFSReturns the largest value in a range that meets multiple criteria, combining the power of MAX with IF-like filtering.MINMIN finds and returns the smallest numeric value in a range or list, automatically excluding text and empty cells.MINAMINA returns the smallest numeric value in a range, treating text as zero and logical values as numbers—useful when your data mixes different types.MINIFSReturns the minimum value in a range that meets one or more specified criteria, useful for finding smallest quantities subject to filters.MEDIANMEDIAN returns the middle value in a sorted list of numbers, or the average of the two middle values if the count is even.MODE.SNGLReturns the most commonly appearing numeric value in a dataset, ideal for identifying the most frequent priority level, rating, or resolution time.MODE.MULTMODE.MULT returns the most frequently occurring value(s) in a dataset—multiple modes if they tie for highest frequency.LARGELARGE returns the k-th largest value in an array, where k=1 is the maximum, k=2 is the second-largest, and so on.SMALLSMALL returns the k-th smallest value from an array, where k=1 gives the minimum and higher k values give progressively larger results.RANK.EQReturns the position of a number in a sorted list, useful for finding how a value ranks among peers in descending (or ascending) order.RANK.AVGReturns the average rank of a value within a dataset, splitting tied positions equally among all duplicate values that match.PERCENTILE.INCReturns the value at a specified percentile (0–100%) of a dataset using linear interpolation for in-between values.PERCENTILE.EXCReturns the k-th percentile of a dataset, excluding minimum and maximum values for sample-based statistical analysis.PERCENTRANK.INCReturns the percentile rank of a value within a dataset as a decimal from 0 to 1, showing where it stands relative to all other values.QUARTILE.INCReturns the quartile of a dataset, letting you find the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, or maximum value.STDEV.SSTDEV.S returns the sample standard deviation of numeric values, measuring how spread apart data points are from their mean.STDEV.PSTDEV.P returns the population standard deviation of a dataset, measuring how spread out values are across the entire population.VAR.SVAR.S returns the sample variance of a dataset, measuring how spread values are around the mean using an unbiased n-1 denominator.VAR.PVAR.P returns the population variance of a dataset, showing spread from the mean; use it when your data represents the entire population, not a sample.CORRELCORREL returns the Pearson correlation coefficient between two data sets, ranging from -1 to 1 to indicate relationship strength.COVARIANCE.PReturns the population covariance between two data sets, measuring how two variables move together across all data points.SLOPESLOPE calculates the slope of a linear regression line between two data sets, showing the rate of change between variables.INTERCEPTINTERCEPT finds where a linear regression line crosses the y-axis, revealing the trend's mathematical starting point.RSQRSQ returns the coefficient of determination (R²), indicating how well a linear regression model fits your data on a scale from 0 (no fit) to 1 (perfect fit).LINESTLINEST returns regression statistics for fitting a straight line through your data, including slope, intercept, and optional correlation metrics.TRENDReturns predicted y-values using linear regression on known data points, fitting a straight line to extend or interpolate values.FORECAST.LINEARFORECAST.LINEAR returns a predicted y-value by fitting a straight line through known x/y data points and extrapolating to a new x.GROWTHPredicts values along an exponential trend line based on known data points and their x-values, extending the curve to new x-points.NORM.DISTReturns the probability of a value in a normal distribution, or the probability density at that specific value.NORM.INVReturns the value at a probability percentile from a normal distribution with given mean and standard deviation, used for inventory reorder point planning.NORM.S.DISTReturns the value of the standard normal distribution's probability density or cumulative probability at a given z-score.STANDARDIZESTANDARDIZE returns the z-score of a value, measuring how many standard deviations it is from a dataset's mean.BINOM.DISTReturns the probability of a specific number of successes occurring in a fixed number of independent binary trials with a known probability.POISSON.DISTReturns the Poisson probability of a specified number of events, given the average rate of occurrence in a fixed interval.T.TESTT.TEST returns the probability that two samples differ by chance alone, helping determine if differences are statistically significant.CHISQ.TESTReturns the probability that observed and expected categorical values are independent, testing whether observed frequencies significantly differ from expected.F.TESTReturns a p-value comparing the variances of two datasets to determine if they're significantly different—essential for testing equality of variation.CONFIDENCE.NORMReturns the margin of error for a population mean estimate using the standard normal distribution with a specified confidence level and sample size.FREQUENCYFREQUENCY returns an array of counts showing how many values in a dataset fall within specified bin thresholds.GEOMEANComputes the geometric mean of positive numbers by taking the nth root of their product, used for averaging growth rates and percentage-based changes.HARMEANHARMEAN returns the harmonic mean of positive numbers, useful for averaging rates and ratios where reciprocal relationships matter.TRIMMEANReturns the mean (average) of a dataset after trimming a percentage of values from the top and bottom to remove outliers.DEVSQDEVSQ returns the sum of squared deviations from the mean, measuring how spread out values are from their average.SKEWSKEW calculates the asymmetry (skewness) of a distribution: positive means right-skewed, negative means left-skewed, near zero means symmetric.KURTKURT returns the kurtosis (excess tailedness) of a dataset, measuring whether values cluster at extremes or center.