Math & Trig functions
All 49 functions in this category
SUMSUM adds numeric values in a range or multiple ranges, ignoring text and empty cells, and returns the total sum.SUMIFSUMIF returns the sum of cells in a range that meet a specified criteria, useful for totaling data filtered by a single condition.SUMIFSSUMIFS returns the sum of cells that meet multiple criteria, making it ideal for aggregating data with several conditions at once.SUMPRODUCTSUMPRODUCT multiplies arrays element-by-element and sums the results, useful for weighted totals and multi-criteria counting.SUMSQSUMSQ returns the sum of the squares of its arguments, useful for statistical analysis and variance calculations.PRODUCTReturns the product of all numeric values supplied as arguments, multiplying them together into a single result.SUBTOTALReturns a subtotal of numeric values in a range, optionally excluding hidden rows and nested SUBTOTAL functions.AGGREGATEReturns the result of a function (like SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT) applied to a range, with built-in options to ignore error values, hidden rows, and nested SUBTOTALs.ROUNDROUND returns a number rounded to a specified number of decimal places, using standard rounding rules (0.5 rounds up).ROUNDUPRounds a number up to a specified number of decimal places, always rounding away from zero, useful for conservative financial estimates.ROUNDDOWNROUNDDOWN returns a number rounded down toward zero to the specified number of decimal places, useful for inventory and billing calculations.MROUNDMROUND rounds a number to the nearest multiple of a specified value, useful for rounding to standard increments like 5, 10, or 100.CEILING.MATHCEILING.MATH rounds numbers up to the nearest multiple of a given significance value, useful for conservative cost estimates and price rounding.FLOOR.MATHRounds a number down to the nearest multiple of a specified significance value, commonly used for budget categories and interval-based rounding.INTINT rounds any number down to the nearest whole integer, always discarding decimal places and rounding toward negative infinity.TRUNCTRUNC removes decimal places from a number without rounding, returning a truncated integer—use it when you need precise decimal removal without rounding.ABSABS returns the absolute value of any number, removing the sign to show only magnitude, useful for comparing distances regardless of direction.SIGNSIGN returns the mathematical sign of a number—positive returns 1, negative returns -1, and zero returns 0, enabling quick classification of values.MODMOD returns the remainder after dividing one number by another, making it useful for identifying patterns, cycles, and divisibility in data.QUOTIENTReturns the integer quotient of a division operation, discarding the remainder—useful for finding complete groups or batches from a total.POWERRaises a number to a specified power, returning the exponential result needed for growth calculations, depreciation, and scaling models.SQRTReturns the positive square root of a positive number; produces a #NUM! error for negative values or #VALUE! for non-numeric input.EXPEXP returns e raised to the power of a number, calculating natural exponential growth or decay for financial and scientific modeling.LNLN returns the natural logarithm of a positive number, useful for growth rate analysis, logarithmic scaling, and financial calculations.LOGLOG returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base (default base 10), used to convert exponential relationships into linear scales.LOG10LOG10 returns the base-10 logarithm of a positive number, useful for converting exponential scales to linear analysis and visualization.FACTFACT calculates the factorial of a number (n!), returning the product of all positive integers from 1 to n; use it for permutations and combinations.COMBINReturns the number of ways to choose a subset of items from a set when order doesn't matter, useful for sampling strategies and probability calculations.PERMUTCalculates the number of ordered arrangements (permutations) of a subset of items from a larger set, essential for ranking and sequencing tasks.GCDGCD returns the greatest common divisor of two or more positive integers, the largest number that divides all arguments without remainder.LCMLCM returns the least common multiple of two or more positive integers, useful for finding repeating cycles and scheduling overlaps.RANDRAND returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1, useful for generating random samples, simulations, and unpredictable variations in forecasts.RANDBETWEENReturns a random integer between two values, ideal for test data generation, simulations, random sampling, and variability testing scenarios.RANDARRAYRANDARRAY returns a spilled array of random numbers with optional dimensions, bounds, and whole-number control.SEQUENCESEQUENCE generates arrays of sequential numbers based on row/column counts, starting value, and step increment.ROMANROMAN converts a numeric value between 1 and 3999 to a text string representing that number in Roman numerals.ARABICARABIC converts Roman numeral text strings to their equivalent Arabic number values for calculation and sorting.BASEConverts a decimal number to text in another base (radix), useful for encoding, hexadecimal conversion, and system data transfers.DECIMALDECIMAL converts text representing a number in any base (2 to 36) into a base-10 decimal number suitable for calculations and comparisons.PIPI() returns the mathematical constant pi (approximately 3.14159), essential for calculating areas, circumferences, and circular measurements in any domain.SINSIN returns the sine of an angle in radians, a decimal value between -1 and 1 representing the trigonometric sine ratio.COSCOS returns the cosine of an angle in radians, producing values between -1 and 1; use it for cyclical calculations and trigonometric analysis.TANTAN returns the tangent of an angle in radians, calculating the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side in a right triangle.ATAN2ATAN2 returns the arctangent (inverse tangent) of y/x in radians, accounting for quadrant; use it for angle calculations in coordinate systems.DEGREESConverts an angle measured in radians to degrees, making trigonometric or sensor data more readable and interpretable for practical applications.RADIANSRADIANS converts an angle in degrees to its equivalent in radians, returning a numeric value useful for trigonometric and circular calculations.MMULTMMULT multiplies two matrices and returns the resulting matrix, performing linear algebra calculations for transformation and scaling operations.MINVERSEReturns the matrix inverse of a square array, enabling solution of linear systems and coefficient calculations used in statistical and financial modeling.MDETERMMDETERM calculates the determinant of a square matrix, returning a single scalar value used in linear algebra and specialized financial modeling calculations.