Financial functions
All 25 functions in this category
PMTPMT calculates the constant periodic payment needed to repay a loan or investment over a fixed number of periods at a fixed interest rate.IPMTIPMT returns the interest portion of a loan or investment payment for a specific period with constant payments and interest rate.PPMTReturns the principal payment for a given period of a loan or investment, given constant periodic payments and a constant interest rate.FVFV returns the future value of a series of regular cash flows at a constant interest rate, modeling compound growth over time.PVReturns the present value of an investment based on a series of regular payments and a constant interest rate.NPERNPER returns the number of payment periods needed to pay off a loan or reach an investment goal at a fixed interest rate.RATERATE calculates the interest rate per period for an investment or loan given regular periodic payments and present/future values.NPVNPV returns the net present value of a series of cash flows discounted to their present value today, helping you decide if an investment creates value.XNPVXNPV returns the net present value of cash flows occurring at irregular intervals, discounting each flow by actual elapsed time.IRRReturns the internal rate of return for a series of regular periodic cash flows, measuring annualized investment profitability.XIRRXIRR returns the annualized internal rate of return for cash flows at irregular date intervals, letting you evaluate project or investment profitability over time.MIRRMIRR returns the modified internal rate of return, accounting for different borrowing and reinvestment rates on cash flows over time.SLNCalculates the straight-line annual depreciation expense of an asset based on its cost, salvage value, and useful life in years.SYDSYD returns the sum-of-years-digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period, front-loading deductions in early years.DBDB returns the periodic depreciation amount of an asset using the declining balance method, which reduces depreciation each period.DDBCalculates depreciation using the double declining balance method, an accelerated depreciation approach that depreciates assets faster in early periods.VDBVDB calculates depreciation of an asset using the declining balance method, with an optional switch to straight-line depreciation when more advantageous.EFFECTEFFECT returns the effective annual interest rate given a nominal annual rate and number of compounding periods per year.NOMINALReturns the nominal annual interest rate given an effective rate and the number of compounding periods per year.CUMIPMTCUMIPMT returns the cumulative interest paid on a loan between two specified periods, given a fixed interest rate and payment schedule.CUMPRINCCUMPRINC returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two specified periods, enabling amortization analysis for financing scenarios.PDURATIONPDURATION returns the number of periods required for an investment to grow from present value to a target future value at a constant interest rate.RRIRRI returns the annual compound growth rate required to grow an investment from its present value to a future value over a specified number of periods.PRICEPRICE returns a bond's clean price per $100 of face value given its settlement date, maturity date, coupon rate, yield, redemption value, and payment frequency.YIELDYIELD returns a bond's annual yield to maturity as a percentage, and you use it when you know a bond's price and need its true return.